+The commands restores the contents of README file to the last but one
+commit in the current branch. By default the commit ID is simply HEAD;
+i.e. ``git checkout README`` restores README to the latest commit.
+
+(Do not use ``git checkout`` to view a content of a file in a commit,
+use ``git cat-file -p``; e.g. ``git cat-file -p HEAD~:path/to/README``).
+
+
+git reset: remove (non-pushed) commits
+--------------------------------------
+
+``git reset`` moves the head of the current branch. The head can be
+moved to point to any commit but it's often used to remove a commit or
+a few (preferably, non-pushed ones) from the top of the branch - that
+is, to move the branch backward in order to undo a few (non-pushed)
+commits.
+
+``git reset`` has three modes of operation - soft, hard and mixed.
+Default is mixed. ProGit `explains
+<https://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Tools-Reset-Demystified>`_ the
+difference very clearly. Bare repositories don't have indices or
+working trees so in a bare repo only soft reset is possible.
+
+
+Unstaging
+'''''''''
+
+Mixed mode reset with a path or paths can be used to unstage changes -
+that is, to remove from index changes added with ``git add`` for
+committing. See `The Book
+<https://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Basics-Undoing-Things>`_ for details
+about unstaging and other undo tricks.
+
+
+git reflog: reference log
+-------------------------
+
+Removing commits with ``git reset`` or moving the head of a branch
+sounds dangerous and it is. But there is a way to undo: another
+reset back to the original commit. Git doesn't remove commits
+immediately; unreferenced commits (in git terminology they are called
+"dangling commits") stay in the database for some time (default is two
+weeks) so you can reset back to it or create a new branch pointing to
+the original commit.
+
+For every move of a branch's head - with ``git commit``, ``git
+checkout``, ``git fetch``, ``git pull``, ``git rebase``, ``git reset``
+and so on - git stores a reference log (reflog for short). For every
+move git stores where the head was. Command ``git reflog`` can be used
+to view (and manipulate) the log.
+
+In addition to the moves of the head of every branch git stores the
+moves of the HEAD - a symbolic reference that (usually) names the
+current branch. HEAD is changed with ``git checkout $BRANCH``.
+
+By default ``git reflog`` shows the moves of the HEAD, i.e. the
+command is equivalent to ``git reflog HEAD``. To show the moves of the
+head of a branch use the command ``git reflog $BRANCH``.
+
+So to undo a ``git reset`` lookup the original commit in ``git
+reflog``, verify it with ``git show`` or ``git log`` and run ``git
+reset $COMMIT_ID``. Git stores the move of the branch's head in
+reflog, so you can undo that undo later again.
+
+In a more complex situation you'd want to move some commits along with
+resetting the head of the branch. Cherry-pick them to the new branch.
+For example, if you want to reset the branch ``master`` back to the
+original commit but preserve two commits created in the current branch
+do something like::
+
+ $ git branch save-master # create a new branch saving master
+ $ git reflog # find the original place of master
+ $ git reset $COMMIT_ID
+ $ git cherry-pick save-master~ save-master
+ $ git branch -D save-master # remove temporary branch
+
+
+git revert: revert a commit
+---------------------------
+
+``git revert`` reverts a commit or commits, that is, it creates a new
+commit or commits that revert(s) the effects of the given commits.
+It's the only way to undo published commits (``git commit --amend``,
+``git rebase`` and ``git reset`` change the branch in
+non-fast-forwardable ways so they should only be used for non-pushed
+commits.)
+
+There is a problem with reverting a merge commit. ``git revert`` can
+undo the code created by the merge commit but it cannot undo the fact
+of merge. See the discussion `How to revert a faulty merge
+<https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html>`_.
+
+
+One thing that cannot be undone
+-------------------------------
+
+Whatever you undo, there is one thing that cannot be undone -
+overwritten uncommitted changes. Uncommitted changes don't belong to
+git so git cannot help preserving them.
+
+Most of the time git warns you when you're going to execute a command
+that overwrites uncommitted changes. Git doesn't allow you to switch
+branches with ``git checkout``. It stops you when you're going to
+rebase with non-clean working tree. It refuses to pull new commits
+over non-committed files.
+
+But there are commands that do exactly that - overwrite files in the
+working tree. Commands like ``git checkout $PATHs`` or ``git reset
+--hard`` silently overwrite files including your uncommitted changes.
+
+With that in mind you can understand the stance "commit early, commit
+often". Commit as often as possible. Commit on every save in your
+editor or IDE. You can edit your commits before pushing - edit commit
+messages, change commits, reorder, combine, split, remove. But save
+your changes in git database, either commit changes or at least stash
+them with ``git stash``.