+
+Examples in this PEP
+====================
+
+Examples of git commands in this PEP use the following approach. It is
+supposed that you, the user, works with a local repository named
+``python`` that has an upstream remote repo named ``origin``. Your
+local repo has two branches ``v1`` and ``v2``. For most examples the
+currently checked out branch is ``v2``. That is, it's assumed you did
+something like that::
+
+ $ git clone -b v1 http://git.python.org/python.git
+ $ cd python
+ $ git fetch origin v2:v2
+ $ git checkout -b v2
+
+
+Branches and branches
+=====================
+
+Git terminology can be a bit misleading. Take, for example, the term
+"branch". In git it has two meanings. A branch is a directed line of
+commits (possibly with merges). And a branch is a label or a pointer
+assigned to a line of commits. It is important to differentiate when
+you talk about commits and when about their labels. Lines of commits
+are by itself unnamed and are usually only lengthening and merging.
+Labels, on the other hand, can be created, moved, renamed and deleted
+freely.
+
+
+Remote repository and remote branches
+=====================================
+
+Another example of slightly misleading terminology. Remote
+repositories are really remote, you access them via network (well, a
+remote repository can be on your local disk, but it's still remote
+because it's not the current repo).
+
+Remote branches, on the other hand, are branches (pointers to commits)
+in your local repository. They are there for you to remember what
+branches and commits have been pulled from and pushed to what remote
+repos (you can pull from and push to many remotes). Remote branches
+live under ``remotes/REMOTE`` namespaces, e.g. ``remotes/origin/v2``.
+
+To see the status of remote branches run::
+
+ $ git branch -rv
+
+To see local and remote branches (and tags) pointing to commits::
+
+ $ git log --decorate
+
+You never do your own development on remote branches. You create a
+local branch that has a remote branch as an upstream and do
+development on that local branch. On push git updates remote branches,
+and on pull git updates remote branches and fast-forwards, merges or
+rebases local branches.
+
+When you do an initial clone like this::
+
+ $ git clone -b v1 http://git.python.org/python.git
+
+git clones remote repository ``http://git.python.org/python.git`` to
+directory ``python``, creates remote branches and checks out branch
+``v1`` into the working directory.
+
+
+Commit editing and caveats
+==========================
+
+A warning not to edit published (pushed) commits also appears in
+documentation but it's also repeated here as it's very important.
+
+It is possible to recover from forced push but it's PITA for the
+entire team. Please avoid it.
+
+To see what commits have not been published yet compare the head of the
+branch with its upstream remote branch::
+
+ $ git log origin/v2..
+ $ git log origin/v1..v1
+
+For every branch that has an upstream remote branch git maintains an
+alias @{upstream} (short version @{u}), so the commands above can be
+given as::
+
+ $ git log @{u}..
+ $ git log v1@{u}..v1
+
+To see the status of all branches::
+
+ $ git branch -avv
+
+To compare the status of local branches with a remote repo::
+
+ $ git remote show origin
+
+Read `how to recover from upstream rebase
+<https://git-scm.com/docs/git-rebase#_recovering_from_upstream_rebase>`_.
+It is in ``git help rebase``.
+
+On the other hand don't be too afraid about commit editing. You can
+safely edit, remove, reorder, combine and split commits that hasn't
+been pushed yet. You can even push commits to your own (backup) repo,
+edit them later and force-push edited commits to replace what has
+already been pushed. Not a problem until commits are in a public
+repository.
+
+
+Undo
+====
+
+TODO: describe undo strategies: git reset, git revert, git checkout,
+git reflog. "Commit early, commit often".
+
+How to undo a merge
+https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html
+
+
+Advanced topics
+===============
+
+Staging area
+------------
+
+Staging area aka index is a distinguishing feature of git. See
+`WhatIsTheIndex
+<https://git.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/WhatIsTheIndex>`_ and
+`IndexCommandQuickref
+<https://git.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/IndexCommandQuickref>`_ in Git
+Wiki.
+
+
+Advanced configuration
+======================
+
+Line endings
+------------
+
+Git has builtin mechanisms to handle line endings.
+
+TODO: describe crlf configuration and .gitattributes.
+
+
+Null-merges
+===========
+
+Git has a builtin strategy for what Python core developers call
+"null-merge"::
+
+ $ git merge -s ours v1 # null-merge v1 into v2
+
+
+Database maintenance
+====================
+
+TODO: dangling objects, git gc, git repack.
+
+
+Tips and tricks
+===============
+
+TODO: bash/zsh completion, bash/zsh prompt.
+
+
+From Mercurial to git
+=====================
+
+Mercurial for Git users https://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/GitConcepts
+
+https://github.com/felipec/git-remote-hg
+
+https://hg-git.github.io/
+
+
projects / git-wiki.git / blobdiff